General management
What is meant by the generality of management is two things:
1_ The first concept of the generality of management
that management is practiced in all organizations, regardless of their types (commercial, industrial, agricultural, or service), or sizes (small, medium, or large).Or its ownership (public, private, mixed, cooperative...etc.), where it is viewed as an organization that exists in order to achieve results (goods or services), using the necessary resources for that (materials, machines, individuals, information...etc.),By practicing the administrative process responsible for achieving results, meaning that management accompanies and accompanies every collective effort,Whether in public or private organizations, this is because management is management, and the practical principles of management are the same, whether it is private business management, or public (governmental) business management, and the difference is not in the essence of management. But only in the field of application, .. If the field of application of management is business organizations of an economic nature for the purpose of profit, it is called business administration, and if the field of application is public and governmental business, it is called public administration.
2_ The second concept of general management:
It is that all managers practice the administrative process - especially management functions - of planning, organising, directing and controlling, and at all administrative levels - upper, middle and supervisory -, With some variation, as the degree of exercising each of the administrative functions is affected by the manager’s position in the organization. The manager in senior management exercises the planning function to a greater degree than exercising other functions, and vice versa As for managers at the middle and supervisory management levels, they exercise control and direction functions to a greater degree than they exercise the planning function, while the organizing function is almost constant in degree at all levels The same applies to the decision-making process. The manager, regardless of his administrative level, must take decisions related to aspects of planning, organizing, directing, controlling, and solving related problems.
The following figure shows the time spent exercising administrative functions (planning, organizing, directing, controlling, and making decisions) and executive functions, according to the different administrative levels.
